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1. ECS 326 ENGINEERING MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES
Introduction to engineered materials with an emphasis on processing-structure-property relationships; fundamentals of structure, properties and processing for metals, polymers, ceramics, composites and semiconductors; materials selection for design; case studies for specific engineering applications.
As a first course in engineering materials for students with no previous background in the subject, the primary objective of this course is to link the physical and mechanical properties of materials to the design of devices and structures, and to relate the processing of materials and their subsequent properties through their structure. Specifically the objectives are:
Introduce all of the classes of engineering materials, their structure and properties.
Relate the properties of materials to their structure and explain how processing affects properties through structure.
Introduce the concept of materials selection as part of the design process through presentation of case studies and failure analyses.
GOALS
Understand the types of materials: metal and alloys, ceramics, polymers, composites and semiconductors.
Appreciate how material structures, e.g., electronic-, molecular-, crystal-, grain-, macro-structure are affected by processing and influence properties.
Understand the physical (e.g., thermal, optical, electrical) and mechanical (e.g., strength, modulus, ductility, fracture toughness, fatigue) properties of materials.
TEXT
Shaffer et al., The Science and Design of Engineering Materials, McGraw Hill, 1999
2. BEN 466/666 ADVANCE BIOMECHANICS
This class will focus on basic engineering approaches to the study of the mechanics of the human body. To understand the mechanics of the human body some basic understanding of, Newton's Laws, kinematics, the mechanics of materials, elasticity and viscoelasticity will be necessary along with an understanding of the hierarchial structure of the cells, tissues and organs of the human body. Another critical aspect of biomechanics (as well as most other engineering disciplines) is the design, development, performance, analysis and synthesis of experiments will allow all engineers to operate in their chosen specialties. This class will provide the underlying principles of biomechanics experimental methods needed to understand and carry out biomechanics experiments.
This class will provide a basic understanding of kinematics, elasticity theory, viscoelasticity, dynamic mechanical properties, and ultimate properties iof biological materials. We will also look at methods to analyze experiments including regression and statistical analysis, as well as some numerical methods to approximate biomechanical behavior and introduce ideas for use in finite element analysis.
GOALS
Understand the science of experiments
Understand bioengineering analysis techniques
Understand basic biomechanics concepts
Understand advanced biomechanics concepts
TEXT
Bone Mechanics, Ed. Stephen Cowen, CRC press 1989
Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue, 2ndEdition, YC Fung, Springer, 1993
Basic Orthopedic Biomechanics, 2nd Edition, VC Mow, WC Hayes, Lippencott-Raven, 1997
Biomechanics of the Musculo-skeletal System, BM Nigg, W Herzog, J. Wiley, 1994
3. BEN 468/668 BIOMATERIALS AND MEDICAL DEVICES
This course is intended to present an introduction to the field of biomaterials: the use of man-made and naturally occurring materials in the human body for medical and dental applications. Basic knowledge of the polymers, metals and ceramics used in medical and dental devices, the modes of failure and degradation associated with medical devices, and the response of the body to the presence of artificial materials is presented.
Basic materials science concepts associated with specific implant materials will be discussed. This will include the structure-property relationships for biomaterials and biological materials, and the static and dynamic properties of materials. Furthermore, the nature and types of degradation associated with implant materials will be discussed including polymer degradation, wear and fretting, metallic corrosion, etc.
The issues associated with biocompatibility will be presented and the surface and interfacial phenomena associated with material-tissue interfaces will be discussed. Also, the legal and regulatory issues associated with the use of biomaterials will be presented. Other selected topics will include introductions to biological materials structure and properties, and tissue engineering concepts.
Finally, the student will be required to prepare and deliver an oral and written presentation on a Problem Definitional and Device Design Study where the student defines the problem associated with a medical device and then proposes an alternative design to "solve" the problem.
GOALS
The purpose of this study is to select a particular implant application or medical device and "define the problem." That is, evaluate the present performance of a medical device, its weaknesses and limitations, and outline the problems and adverse effects associated with the device. This problem definitional study should be based on a review of the relevant literature including scientific, technical, medical (clinical), patent and regulatory. The report should be of sufficient scientific/engineering detail to meaningfully analyze the device or problem. After defining the problem, propose an alternate design or material to address the limitations with the present device. Potential safety problems and adverse effects should be identified and the clinical, materials and performance tests necessary to address these concerns should be described and justified.
TEXT
Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials and Medicine, Ed. Ratner, et al., Academic Press, 1996.
4. BEN 768 SURFACE OF BIOMATERIALS
This course will introduce the student to several aspects of surfaces related to biomaterials and tissues engineering. It will focus on developing understanding of surfaces of polymeric, ceramic and metallic materials exposed to biological environments. Furthermore, methods used to measure, analyze, characterize and understand surfaces will be discussed. Adsorption processes, surface modification, electrochemical processes (corrosion, oxide film growth, protein-surface interactions, etc.) will be explored. This class is suited for graduate students with an interest in understanding surfaces in biomaterials and the nature of corrosion, polymer degradation, and protein-materials and cell-material interactions.
GOALS
Understand the nature of surfaces
Surface energy and surface forces
Adsorption phenomenon
Surface chemistry modification for specific biological response
Corrosion processes
Understand the techniques used to assess and characterize surfaces
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Atomic Force Microscopy
Surface spectroscopic techniques (Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
Surface mechanical properties (nanoindentation)
Understand the biological processes that occur at surfaces
Protein adsorption and exchange
Cell attachment
Bacterial attachment
TEXT
Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, A.W. Adamson, Wiley Interscience
Intermolecular and Surface Forces, J. Israelachvili, Academic Press
Biomaterials Science, B. Ratner et al., Academic Press
Modern Electrochemistry, JOM Bokros and Reddy
ASM Metals Handbook Vol. 10, Materials Characterization.
Selected Peer-reviewed Journal Articles and other texts as appropriate.
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